CALVINISM
I decided to add my
take on Calvinism to this blog, since the doctrine has attracted
considerable interest in religious circles the last few years. Last
year the president of Louisiana College (Baptist) fired three
religion professors for allegedly professing and promoting Calvinism
on campus. Nationally, the Southern Baptist Convention formed a
committee to explore the emergence (or re-emergence) of the doctrine.
That committee reported both Calvinists and Non-Calvinists should be
able to co-exist within the framework of the convention.
My experience has been
that most Calvinist defenders I have read, rely on historical
evidence of earlier prominent Baptists who have espoused that
doctrine. The other side usually counters with denial, which I see as
a futile attempt to re-write history. Certainly, there were many
Calvinists among Southern Baptists, but Baptists emerged from the
Reformation movement with Luther's famous dictum “Only Scripture.”
For me, Scripture always speaks louder than history. (Although we owe
the history of interpretation acknowledgment in our due diligence.)
What then is the
doctrine? John Calvin originated these teachings in Reformation days,
building on Luther and Augustine. Neo-Calvinism is famous for its
acronym, “TULIP,” often with an additional S before or after in
reference to Sovereignty.
SOVEREIGNTY OF GOD is
the basic teaching encompassing all the rest. God is creator and
therefore holds in His hands all creation to do with as He chooses.
The Infinite is so much greater than finite, we have no judgment as
to whether He is right or wrong. He can and does do as He chooses
with no need for explanation. Indeed, in comparison to His Mind, we
cannot understand much if anything should He choose to explain as He
does in the Bible.
I know no one on
either side that denies God's sovereignty. He can and does do as HE
will. An OT theology prof I had once liked to refer to God as
creating and loving in freedom. Still, God in his sovereignty created
a world that runs by dependable natural laws. Christ “emptied
himself” to become incarnate. The Sovereign Lord appears to have
set boundaries He seldom crosses, perhaps so we can find him as
dependable. The great figures of the Bible do, in fact, argue with
God. Moses even won such a verbal brawl after the golden calf
incident. God wanted to wipe the bunch out and make Moses the new
Abraham. At one of the highest points in the OT, Moses forgave the
crowd that was always giving him trouble and demanded God do
likewise!
TOTAL DEPRAVITY –
Humanity is totally depraved, having nothing that God wants or needs.
He is born a sinner, doomed to Hell unless God chooses to intervene.
Adam and Eve's sin genetically changed the human race, and everyone
inherits that original sin. (The Catholic Church baptizes infants as
a gracious act to remove the stain of original sin.)
Romans 3:23 does
indeed say that “All have sinned and fallen short of the glory of
God.” a great deal of theological debate has gone down over whether
the verse refers to original sin, an environment conducive to sin, or
a human's inevitable choice to sin.” a Calvinist might point to the
last part of the verse, claiming our inability to match the glory of
God. I would point to the active verb “have sinned,” which
indicates to me a conscious act of will and choice.
And Genesis claims
that God created humans and pronounced them “very good,” the only
act that was more than just “good.” Even before Adam sinned,
though he was in the image of God, he could never attain to the full
glory of God. Note the Bible tells the story as though that first
couple had a real choice, and God held them responsible for that
choice. If God did indeed create some to “fuel the fires of hell,”
as some have put it, that certainly is not the Father of Our Lord
Jesus Christ.
In a famous book to
Bible students, The Image of God in Man, the author GB Caird sets
forth the history of ideas and teachings about the image and its
nature. His conclusion is that the image includes at least the
ability to be addressed by God and to address God. That image is not
removed by our sin. Even the “lost” remain in the image of God.
Thus can the Holy Spirit speak in a sinner's heart, calling him to
salvation.
UNCONDITIONAL ELECTION
– God chooses those who will be saved without regard to what they
have done, or any personal characteristics. All are sinners (see T
above) and deserve eternal punishment. Salvation is His gracious act.
He chooses some, but does not choose others. (Some, not all,
Calvinists bite the bullet and go on to “double predestination,”
saying God also chooses some to go to Hell.) They defend this view by
pointing out He did not have to save anyone. But therein lies the
choosing. It is as if He left us a gift at our front door. That gift
is ours, but it has no value until we open the door and possess it.
Yet the Bible
constantly confronts us with a choice. The respected German
theologian Karl Barth famously said that Book faces us with an
eternal choice to say yes or no on every page. Jesus repeatedly
called people to choose. John 3 several times points out bluntly that
Jesus did not come to judge the world, but so that world could be
saved.
LIMITED ATONEMENT -
Jesus died only for the elect. He did not die for sinners in general,
but only for those whom God has tapped out for salvation. Paul did,
in fact, say Christ died for the church, or ecclesia, congregation.
But that does not mean he may also have died for others as well.
Indeed, John 3 emphasizes that God loves the entire world and sent
His Son for that world. John does not say God loved the elect and
sent His Son to them.
Calvinists seem to be
restricting salvation to a select few. (BTW I've never known a
Calvinist who thought he had been left out and was lost!) The book of
Acts fights the opposite battle. Peter's dream began the break-out
from Judaism, and Paul's whole ministry was finding anyone, anywhere
who would believe. Jesus Himself reached out to everyone, even those
mainline Judaism excluded. His disciples were a varied, mostly blue
collar bunch. The story of the Good Samaritan blasts at the barriers
we build. Women traveled with Jesus's entourage and supported Him
financially.
IRRESISTABLE GRACE –
If God has fore-ordained you to be saved, you can never finally
resist succumbing to His call. All of those He has chosen, elected,
will finally be saved. But this is not reflected in the gospels.
Jesus called the rich young ruler to be his 13th disciple,
but the man turned away – as have many since. He was unable to do
many miracles in His hometown because of their unbelief.
If saving grace is
irresistible, the gospel has little meaning. There would be no point
in evangelism nor missions since God has already planned it all out.
Indeed the man called “the father of modern missions,” William
Carey, had to fight Calvinists who told him if God wanted to save the
heathen, he could do it without our help.
Incidentally, many
Calvinists consider the “Plan of Salvation” and the “Sinner's
Prayer” to be blasphemy. Since God has already made the choice,
they think, how dare we try to influence another. If some one does
profess faith who is not among the elect, it is hollow and void.
PERSEVERANCE OF THE
SAINTS – This is the subject of this whole blog and my 1974 book,
but I don't come from a Calvinist starting point. Perseverance,
however, is logical for Calvinists, because if God had been
determined to save them, of course he will continue to keep them.
We are saved by the
grace of God through Jesus Christ, because we were helpless to save
ourselves. When Christ died and rose again, God offered salvation to
all who would accept it on the basis of Jesus's saving work.
My second pastorate
was in Rayville, LA. There my wife joined a group of “secret pals,”
who would draw names and give each other presents at various times
during the year. A favorite way to do this was to leave a gift at
Yancey's Drugs (now gone). The pharmacy would call to tell us my wife
had a present waiting for her. Note: she had the gift, but did not
have the gift. The present was hers, but she had to go pick it up.
She had to accept it. Christ offers us forgiveness and salvation, but
we must voluntarily receive it. He will not force it upon us.
Jonathan Edwards was a
brilliant theologian and philosopher who greatly influenced American
thought. He had a very famous sermon that left those who heard in
mortal fear and panic. He called it “Sinners in the Hands of an
Angry God.” Every once in a while a church member would discover it
and circulate it to my dismay. Their delight, I suspect, comes from
today's tolerant society never believing in the concept of sin. My
dismay comes from Edwards' portrayal of a different God than the one
I read about in the New Testament. He was a strong Calvinist, and
total depravity is the chief concept in his mind. He pictures God
dangling people delightedly over the pit of Hell because He despises
them. He portrays an angry, vengeful God as the title indicates. But
this is NOT the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. He loved the world
as did His Son and gave Himself for it. There is no hatred of
humanity. Yes, God is fully capable of wrath, but that wrath is the
flip side of God's love. We ignite wrath when we spurn His love.
FINALLY, a great deal
of the controversy is unnecessary in practice. Calvinists teach that
God has chosen - for reasons known only to Himself – to save or
call out the elect by the foolishness of preaching. Non-Calvinists
also believe God uses preaching to bring people under conviction and
to respond to His call to salvation. In math, two things equal to a
third thing equal each other. (6+6)=12=(3x4) for example. Therefore,
both sides end up preaching Christ crucified, risen, and alive
forevermore. Since even if God had chosen the elect, no one knows who
they are until they step forward. Therefore if we are obedient to
God, we will act exactly the same. (Except proclaim the Lord as
first of all a god of wrath.)
A NOTE ON FREE WILL –
Obviously I believe we have free will in respect of accepting or
rejecting the various calls of God. But there are external and
personal limitations to our free will in other respects:
We cannot fly up to
Pennsylvania and visit with Ben Franklin. Our free will does not
apply to the time of our earthly existence. To a great degree, the
place of our birth limits our choices as does the “choice” of our
parents. As we grow older and society develops, we can change our
location, but it might take considerable effort. You could move to
Hawaii, you know. Why haven't you? Of course, I do have friends who
now live in Alaska and all over the country. But note that where they
live restricts their choices.
That brings us to the
second aspect of free will, the personal aspect. We limit ourselves
by the choices we make. I have lived in Louisiana, Texas, Kentucky,
and California. At one point I chose to live in Louisiana, believing
as I moved from church to church that God was leading me. If I live
in Louisiana, I have to deal with extreme heat and tornado threats.
While in Kentucky, I had to dress warmly five or six months out of
the year. In California's central valley, I found still another way
of life – even earthquakes. The choice of where to live dictates,
or strongly influences many others.
We value our free
will. Still each choice we makes rules out other possibilities. If I
choose to live in Ruston, I cannot visit the Alamo or the Grand
Canyon daily. I am free, however, to decide which church to attend
and which restaurant to visit.
Regarding
predestination and free will: Predestination preserves God's free
will! The doctrine warns us that we can never take 5 steps and put
God in a position where He MUST save us or do anything else.
Salvation is a relationship, and both sides must enter it freely. I
like to compare it to marriage. God chooses anyone who will in turn
commit to Him. Trusting Christ is like standing at the altar to
commit yourself to you spouse whatever may come.
Finally, look at the
most famous Scripture from Romans 8:26. For whom God knew
beforehand, He predestined to be conformed to the image of His dear
Son. He combines predestination
with foreknowledge. Time is important to God, He created it. The
Bible has more history in its pages than any other religious book.
But God lives outside of time. He is the Alpha and Omega, beginning
and end. Knowing what we will do, He confirms it ahead of time.
That's why predestination is not presented as a problem for Paul –
or anywhere else. Paul considers it a glorious sign of victory and
encouragement.
One
additional point: The verse does NOT say, God foreknew and
predestined some to be saved. Rather Paul states God's plan that the
saved will grow in grace more and more like Jesus.
That's
my take. What's yours?